date, hwclock This chapter summarizes the time. Every computer has battery powered hardware clock or cmos clock. It is of course essential that this hardware clock is battery operated, otherwise you would have to reset it every time the computer is switched off. It continues to run like a normal clock or watch, even when it is switched off. The time of this hardware clock can be set in bios or oaf. linux only uses this hardware clock when starting the operating system. The time from the cmos clock is…

Character codes, iconv This chapter is about localization and international. nationalization, sorry, so to speak, about language settings. Let’s first clarify what is meant by localization. Localization means that a linux system is adapted to the guidelines of a corresponding country or culture. Of course, the first thing to be mentioned here is the language. But there are other things too. For example, the notation of the date format, currencies times, sometimes even colors in graphic programs, and so on. In principle, internationalization is the generic term for localization. A…

cron, crontab This chapter deals with the recurring automatic execution of tasks. For example, it would of course make sense to regularly back up certain petitions, for example, the home petition. But we all know it. We don’t always think about it and neglect the whole thing more often. Or another example on server systems that run 24 hours a day, it might make sense to delete certain log files regularly or to save them accordingly if they are important and everything is automated. And that’s what this chapter is…

useradd, userdel, passwd In the working life of a system engineer or classic administrator. We will often be confrontated with topics from the following lessons because this is about users in general create users, create groups, change passwords, delete users and so on. So let’s maybe be start by creating a user. The command for this is user ad. Let’s take a look at the man page user at user ad create a new user or update default new user information. Of course we have various options here which are…

Accessibility This lesson is about accessibility. What kind of auxiliary programs are there and what do they look like? First of all, we can say that most linux distributions have such auxiliary programs. preinstalled or are part of the standard and have been implemented directly with ubuntu. You can find these programs in Settings and Universal Access. At the top of the window we find two words for people with visual impairments. First of all, we can set a high contrast. Here you see, we get the greatest possible contrast…

Managing Groups In this lesson, I want to show you how to manage groups. This includes creating a group, adding people to those groups and renaming a group. So before we can get started here, we need to create a user. And I’m going to do that by using pseudo. I’m going to put the user adm, which says create me a matching home directory for this username and whatever that username is going to be. In my case I’m going to use Tim. Then I’m going to go ahead…

Creating Accounts from the Shell In this lesson, I want to show you how to create a new user account from within your shell. So I’m already logged into my terminal here as my standard user of deon training. If I want to create a new user, I have to do that using sudo because I have to be a root or an admin to create new users on a system. So let’s go ahead and use pseudo. We’re going to use add user, which is the command we want…

Understanding User Accounts Let’s talk about user accounts. Like most other modern operating systems, Linux is a multiuser operating system. This means that a single Linux computer can support many users. Each of these can have their own unique account. Now, in previous videos I’ve referred to accounts in passing but we really haven’t covered them in detail yet. In this video we’re going to describe the important account principles and some commands that can be used to work with these accounts. As we move further along in the course…

Network Protection These days, one of the most pressing issues involving technology revolves around system security and data protection. In this lesson, we’re going to discuss a few basic tips to help prevent your Linux system from getting compromised. First, shut down unused servers. Linux’s major security vulnerabilities aren’t inside of worms or viruses like they are with Windows. Instead, Linux risk is going to be sitting on the fact that outsiders can try to break in and abuse server programs that are running 24 hours a day, seven days…

Network Features Networking is a critical part of modern computing. Most Linux distributions are already capable of creating network connections automatically for you. On some rare occasions, though, this process simply doesn’t work right. Or there may be a need to tweak the connection or debug a problem that’s occurring. To begin, there are some common networking terms and definitions that we need to discuss. DNS is our first one. DNS is the domain Name system. And DNS is a global network of servers that translates between host names and…